Process of making valves



- Oct. 4, 1932, R. E. BassELL PROCESS OF MAKING- VALVES Originali. FiledAug. 2, 192

Patented Oct. 4, 1932 Unire STATES PA'rle1N'1r arries- RICHARD E.BISSEIL, F CLEVELAND HEIGHTS, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THOMPSON PRODUCTS INC.,0FY CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OHIO PROCESS OF MAKING VALVES.

Original application filed August 2,1926, Serial No. 126,355. Patent No.1,775,845.- Divided and *this* application filed January 26, 1929.Serial No. 335,198. Y

The inventionA relates to poppet valves and to a process of making same,of the type commonly employed in internal combustion engines.

. This invention constitutes divisional subject matter from my copendingpatent application, Serial No. 126,355, led August 2, 1926. j l

The object of the invention is to provide a valve head having an insertof material of different characteristics from that'of the main body ofthe head, and to make the same in an economical way.

This invention consists 'in the process hereu inafter described andclaimed.

In the drawing: l Figure 1 is a vertical section through a valve made inaccordance with my invention, showing parts of the engine structureassociated therewith; i

Figure 2 is a blank from which the valve head is formed, ready for theupsetting operation;

Figure 3 illustrates the shape assumed by the blank after the firstupsettingoperation; Figure i is a plan view of the valve head as shownin Fig. l; and

Figure 5 is a vertical section through the head of a modified form ofvalve in which the insert is entirely enclosed by the body of the valvehead.

Referring to the drawing in detail, in which the same reference numberis used throughout to designate the same part, a metal rod 1 is providedwith a thickened upper end 2 in which is formed a recess 3. This recessis lilled, or partially lled, with a material having characteristicsdifferent from the J material of the rod 1. Preferablythe rod l will beci non-hardened steel, capable of being worked. The material selectedfor the insert will depend upon the function it is to 'perform in thecompleted valve. It might be 4desired to make a valve with an insert ofhigh heat conductivity for the purpose of equalizing the temperaturethroughout the valve head; or one having an insert of greatercoeiiicient of expansion whereby to lift the l head on its seatsuiliciently to compensate for an increased length of the stem, as theteml engagement with its seat at high velocity. T0

perature of the parts increase in operation, or one having an insert ofdifferent frequency ot vibration than the main body, for the purpose ofdeadening the sound' resulting from the seating of the valve; or onehaving an insert of still different characteristics for some otherpurpose. insofar as Iknow, an insert ot metal in a valve head havingcharacteristics diiferent Jfrom the main body of the head is novel and Iclaim it broadly, as well as the process disclosed of producing a headwith .such an insert. But specifically'the invention relates to aninsert designed to reduce Vibration of the valve head resulting fromvreduce vibration, many different materials may be used, the material tobe selected being dependent partly upon its own characteristics andpartly upon the material employed for the main body of the head.Preferably it should be soft and non-oxidizing, and with a frequency ofvibration differing from the remainder of the head. At the present time,I consider invar as one of the best materials for the insert where theremainder of the head is of silicon-chromium steeh But if invar wereused for the main body of the heada non-ferrous metal would serve wellfor the insert. y

Having filled the recess 3 with material such as above described, theend of the rod is subjected to' an upsetting operation, well known tovthose skilled in the art. Preferably dies will be selected such thatafter the first opera-tion theV head will have the appearance indicatedin Fig. 3. The blank is then subjected to a second upsetting operationto form the head as shown in Fig. l. l

VVhilet is Vconsidered preferable to have therecess)containing theinsert Vopen from the upper'face of the head, the inserted'-materialmight be 'entirely surrounded by the main body of the head.rl-o'fabricate such an article, it would only be necessary to partiallyfill the recess 3, leaving a space at the top, whereby in the subsequentupsetting operation, thematerial ofthe main body of the valve would bepressed entirely around the material of the insert. iV

Y It is well known, that the closing of the 100 tiated at the margin ofthe valve, as would be the case Were the head homogeneous; inv

other Words, the different materials are in adhering contact, inmostlembodiments, as distinguished from the intimate union resultingfrom cohesion, such as occurs in welding. The result is such asthat-commonly observed in a cracked bell?.

It is apparent that the materials of the main body of the valve head andof the invsert maybe Widely varied, depending upon the functions whichit is desired the valve shally perform, and that the process of making avalve headvvvith an insert such as disclosed may be carried out in otherWays. It is therefore to be understood that the dis# closure herein ismerely exemplary of the principles underlying my invention, and that itis not confined to the specificarticle or.mode of constructiondisclosed, but that it includes all changes and modifications fallingWithin the terms of the appended claims.

I am aware thatmany changes Vmay be made and numerous details vofvconstruction may be'varied through awide range Without departing fromthe principles of this invention, and I, therefore, do not purposelimiting the patent granted hereon otherwise than necessitated by theprior art. Y, I claim as my invention: Y l; The process of making anarticle of manufacture comprising a headed member from a stem having anenlarged end Which consists in providing said enlarged end With aninsert having` characteristics different from that of said end :andcontemporaneously forming said end'into a head and ,interlocking saidinsert Withsaid head in such 4. The method lof fabricating a compositemetal article'which comprises providing a blank of one metal With acylindrical cavity at one .end thereof, inserting into .such cavity aninsertof another metal, 4and thereafter simultaneously forging theportion of said blankcontaining said insert and the con tained insert.

5. The method of fabricating a composite metal article which comprisesproviding a blank of one metal with, a cylindrical cavity at one endthereof, insertinginto such cavity an insert of another metal, andthereafter simultaneously forging the portion of said blank containingsaid, insert, and the con-v tained insert so as to form a head onvsaidblank and to leave exposed a portion of said insert.

6. The method of fabricating a composite metal article Which comprisesprovidinga blank of one metal With a cylindrical cavity at one endthereof, inserting into such cavity an insert of another metal, and:thereafter simultaneously forging the portion of said blankcontainingfsaid insertA and the contained insert so as to provide saidportion of said blank with a head havingan inturned lip overhanging anexposed portion of said insert.

In testimony whereof I 'have hereunto subscribed my name at Cleveland,Cuyahoga County, Ohio. A

RICHARD E. BISSELL.

a manner as to dispose it Whollywithin the head. i

2. The process of making a headed member including a head and stem whichcone sists in providingl one end of vthe stem with an insert andcontemporaneously forming said end into a head,;flattening said insertso as toprovide it VWith a lateral portion extending `toward theperipheral edge of the head and surrounding-saidY lateral portion withthe material ofthe head so as -tointerlock-said insert With said head. a3. Theprocess-of making -a valve which `consists in providing` one endof thestem Withj an insert ofrelatively soft metal and contemporaneouslyforming said end into a head; flattening said insert so as toprovide

